The Theory of Connectivism

Instructive hypothesis Learning is a critical movement in the lives of people and its structures the premise of the instructive procedure (Isman (2011). Therefore, a ton of consideration has been paid to the comprehension of how learning happens, prompting the plan of various speculations of learning and guidance. These speculations have advanced throughout the years as improvements in different regions of instruction keep on happen.advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on The Theory of Connectivism explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More There is nobody hypothesis that can be depicted as the ideal hypothesis that fits in all learning circumstances. This implies various hypotheses are applied to various learning circumstances. The different hypotheses of training and learning depict how learning happens, the components that shape learning, the significance of memory in learning, and how information is moved (Ravenscroft (2011). Behaviorism is one of nota ble learning speculations. The hypothesis places that individuals get a boost during the time spent realizing, which they react to. As per Isman (2011), this method of learning is best advanced by task-based learning. Learning under behaviorism is additionally impacted by the prizes that are acquired from learning, just as discipline. Rehashed encounters wind up building up memory. Cognitivism is the other hypothesis of realizing, which sets that learning happens in an organized manner. Yilmaz (2011) contends that information is moved by copying the information on the educator in subjective learning. Therefore, critical thinking sort of adapting exceptionally advances this method of learning. The third most regular learning hypothesis is constructivism, which is a hypothesis that suggests that information is gone through socialization. Social and social elements appear to impact learning under this hypothesis. A later hypothesis of learning is the connectivism hypothesis, which plac es that information is moved by interfacing with the source if information. As indicated by Ravenscroft (2011), connectivism is a mind boggling learning mode where learning is dispersed in a web and it is improved by mechanical headway. Connectivism According to Thomas (2010), the rise and improvement of different specialized apparatuses and the ensuing organization of these devices in the release of training has brought about the change of the learning condition. What is implied here is that there is a great deal of progress in the manner instruction is discharged.Advertising Looking for paper on training? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This originates from the way that training is transforming from the conventional point of view where it was conveyed in explicit learning situations that were to a great extent kept in nature to the improvement of a virtual learning condition where substance isn't just guided by the instructo rs, but at the same time is released by understudies who use innovation to propel learning between and among themselves. This writing audit contains the conversation of how the hypothesis of connectivism has been applied in the field of training. Siemens (2011) contends that data innovation has changed the customary learning condition in a huge manner that requires another learning hypothesis. One method of reasoning for the production of another hypothesis of learning is that in the computerized age, most learning conditions are interlaced, innovative, and social in nature (Kaufman Mann, 2007). Kaufman and Mann (2007) further see that the diverse association focuses in learning have been created in realizing where the utilization of innovation, particularly the web 2.0 innovation instruments are utilized to make learning bunches by understudies. This is done both in formal proficiency and casual education inside the wide learning condition that is getting more extensive because of the pervasiveness of differing innovation stages for releasing learning exercises. Dunaway (2011) sees that connectivism is one of the central speculations that give a basic structure on which learning with respect to the understudies is portrayed in the contemporary learning condition where data and correspondence innovation is becoming the overwhelming focus in the learning condition. The contemporary utilization of data and specialized instruments and advancements in learning is gradually bringing about restricting the job and real impact of educators as the mediators of learning and is advancing scenes where understudies are taking the middle stage in the contemporary learning condition. At this crossroads, it is basic to return to the perception by Thomas (2010), whose contention about the use of the connectivism learning hypothesis in the cutting edge learning condition that is innovation driven, repeats on change in the way in which proficiency guidance is discharged.Advertis ing We will compose a custom thesis test on The Theory of Connectivism explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The connectivist way to deal with learning can, hence, be better educated by taking a gander at the genuine characteristics of learning and education as cultivated by both the students and the instructors (Dunaway, 2011). Dish and Franklin (2011) found that understudies had a solace level redoing online life and instructive devices to meet their adapting needs. Be that as it may, for some instructors, it was their first involvement in online joint effort and Web 2.0 devices in an instructive setting. Kvavik (2005) noticed that for Web 2.0 instruments and a connectivist hypothesis to be grasped, instructors ought to be enthusiastic and prepared to use the innovation. As the online condition develops, the job of the two educators and understudies develops, particularly inside gathering conversations where understudies cooperate with each other instead of connec ting solely with the instructor. The connectivist learning hypothesis adjusts the job of the instructor, guaranteeing that understudies are included and occupied with learning by noting each other’s presents as restricted on noting the educator (Livingston, 2011). For a situation investigation of blogging and its utilization in the connectivist learning hypothesis, Garcia, Brown, and Elbeltagi (2013) found that connectivism has affected the manner in which web journals are utilized in instructing and learning. The change may not exclusively be from the acknowledgment of blogging as a piece of the instructional procedure, yet additionally in how instructors and understudies have grasped the connectivist learning style (Garcia et al., 2013). Blogging gave cooperative chances to understudies to impart on the web (Richardson, 2010). Another part of blogging that upheld the connectivist learning hypothesis is the way content or remotely found specialists could get associated with the learning condition. Blogging additionally speaks to a fundamental part of the connectivist rule that understudies can make relationship for learning, while at the same time being related inside a system (Boitshwarelo, 2011). Innovation has encouraged students to get to an abundance of data assets; for example, online libraries, peer-looked into diaries, and book reference benefits alongside web based life, blogging, and Web 2.0 apparatuses (Lemke, Coughlin, Garcia, Reifsneider, Baas, 2009). The accessibility of substance and the way that leaners can get to data through these devices is a positive pointer of utilizing innovation in encouraging learning.Advertising Searching for paper on training? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More With the accessibility of data, the utilization of educators as the wellspring of data as grasped in conventional learning condition is very restricted. This is in lime with the perception by London and Hall (2011), who noticed that the serious organization of Web 2.0 innovation instruments in learning in the contemporary taking in condition indicates a move from the educator controlled models of figuring out how to the student controlled model of learning. The rise of computerized proficiencies (print to paperless) has additionally increased the requirement for connectivism. Lee, Messom, and Yau (2013) contemplated one school’s digital book execution and established that many studied understudies favored digital books because of the Web 2.0 segment. For the situation study, understudies could post data on conversation sheets and join to digital books with the goal that their kindred understudies and instructors could respond and comment on posts that were unreservedly availab le by course members. As hypothesis guided practice for this situation study, participation among understudies engaged them to decipher digital book content and to bestow data among different students (Lee et al., 2013). This shows the simplicity with which coordinated effort and systems administration in learning can be achieved in social and innovative systems that are created kindness of the accessibility of innovation. Tu et al. (2012) cheers the way that learning is expanded in light of the way that students can without much of a stretch interface and build up learning systems on the innovation stage. Teaming up on conversation sheets encouraged a significant number of the highlights in a connectivist learning model; for instance, permitting correspondence between understudies, (Ferdig Trammell, 2004) lifting peer gatherings to help with learning (Glogoff, 2005), and the development of conversation gatherings (Macduff, 2009). With the utilization of innovation, understudies can now effectively build up and continue significant learning systems, with just constrained help from the teachers (Boitshwarelo, 2011). Another significant angle caught in the new worldview is the rising community nature of training (Dunaway, 2011). Williams, Karousou, and Mackness (2011) considered Connectivism and Connective Knowledge (CCK08) at the University of Manitoba. With a moving enlistment, understudies had the option to design their own way through the course content that was accessible on the course site. Understudies concurred that all information would be made collabora

The Effects of Communication on Children of Divorced Families Essays

RUNNING HEAD: The Effects of Communication on Children of Divorced Families. Research project The Effects of Communication on Children of Divorce Tonya Duran New Mexico State University-Carlsbad The impacts of relational abilities between separated or isolated guardians on youngsters, is essential to the majority of society in light of the fact that a great many people have separated from guardians or have relatives that are. Everybody knows somebody who has managed separate in their family and it impacts all youngsters included and individuals associated with those kids. Tragically, it is a consistently developing circumstance in the United States. It is significant for the guardians and all required to impart profitably to enable the youngsters to develop and have great relational abilities themselves. The impacts of correspondence hindrances can be exceptionally inconvenient to childrens social abilities and their capacities to work beneficially is numerous circumstances they may experience sometime down the road. At the point when families are confronting divorce or have chosen separate from the circumstances before would already be able to hurt the youngster, however what comes after can influence them more. It is significant for the guardians required to set their own sentiments aside and attempt to have an expert like relationship. It is hard enough for youngsters to manage separate, the difference in family living, way things are ran in the family, individuals living in the home or possibly moving to new urban communities and so on. There are a great deal of changes that happen and it is extremely upsetting for all included however hardest ordinarily on the kids that are included. Here and there the circumstance before isn't better and in reality after the guardians are separated from the connections can succeed. Here and there one parent becomes removed then the other or missing totally, yet for the kid it is generally significant for the two guardians to proceed in the childs life and t o keep the interchanges lines open. The correspondence between the guardians and the kids are significant for accomplishment of good connections to proceed. When there is terrible correspondence it can cause on parent to become supported or knocking the other the youngster which can lead the kid loathing the parent that is tearing down the other parent. It additionally may influence the childs relationship with that parent that is being spoken awful about. A youngster's relationship with their folks following a separation is basic to the kid's modification. Despite the fact that the trouble of not being with the two guardians is one of the most excruciating pieces of separation, it is the proceeding with relationship that youngsters have with their folks that is fundamental to their drawn out alteration. This features the significance of not condemning the other parent before the youngster (Foulkes-Jamison. 2001). Putting down or speaking awful about the other parent isn't solid for the youngster. Youngsters tend not to reveal to you when they are irate, angry, befuddled, hurt or discouraged. Rather, they mirror their issues through their conduct - carrying on or maybe turning internal in manners that you have not experienced before the divorce.(Sedacca, 2012) The youngster can lose control, angry, discouraged and can make the kid become pulled back. Commonly when the guardians don't impart the child is progressively influenced then the guardians regardless of whether they may not see it. The youngster may conceal it from the guardians and keep all the hurt inside. They may likewise attempt to utilize one guardians against the other to get what they need. The guardians will now and again go after the childs love and consideration. They may utilize the style of contending I win, You lose. The serious style includes extraordinary worry for your own needs and wants and little for those of others (DeVito, 2012). With this the parent is increasingly worried about winning and their own emotions or need to win then the childs sentiments and necessities. They simply need to beat the other parent. It is a tragic cycle that happens to frequently, where one simply needs to win and doesnt care about those included or the results of their activities. It is significant that the guardians convey to each other, about evaluations, school, regular checkups, sports, companions, any issues they are having altering or simply their adjustments in character. One smart thought

How to Start a Lifestyle Blog 8 Golden Rules For Success (and Fun!)

How to Start a Lifestyle Blog 8 Golden Rules For Success (and Fun!) .elementor-19992 .elementor-element.elementor-element-19992{text-align:center}Last Updated on December 10, 2019Becoming a lifestyle blogger is an attractive hobby or career for many, but you may think that learning how to start a lifestyle blog is next to impossible or that if you do get to starting a lifestyle blog it will be difficult to maintain.I’m pleased to let you know that that’s not true and I’m here to help guide you through the process. Disclosure As an independent review site, we get compensated if you purchase through the referral links or coupon codes on this page â€" at no additional cost to you. Dismiss alert Follow these 8 golden rules to becoming a lifestyle blogger and begin your journey to success as we start your blog in the lifestlyle niche.Related reading:How to start a mom blogHow to start a travel blogTable of Contents How to start a lifestyle blog: 8 steps to set up properly1. Follow your interests2. Showcase your skills3. Pick a name4. Get your blog set up5. Set a schedule6. Write with purpose7. Work on your style8. Build your audienceStarting a lifestyle blog: our conclusionHow to start a lifestyle blog: 8 steps to set up properly1. Follow your interestsThe great thing about starting a lifestyle blog is that you can write about a variety of elements of your day to day life. Join the FREE TrainingDo You Want To Learn How To Build 6 Figures Authority Sites?Join This Free Training To...Finally have a proven method to finding profitable nichesGet access to a foolproof keyword research methodLearn how to outsource quality contentLearn how to build white hat links to your site without headaches Sharing and knowledge or tips you might have for others interested in learning the same skills as you are a very rewarding and successful way to grow your readership.It’s good, to be honest, and candid with your readers; if you’ve had failures or set-backs then feel free to blog about this too, your readers will be interested in your whole journey as well your success and achievements.3. Pick a nameChoosing a name for your blog may seem daunting, but it doesn’t need to be a frustrating process. If inspiration doesn’t strike you straight away, then work through your options logically considering your content theme, your tone of voice and the identity you want to build.Clever or funny wordplay can help make it memorable and it should have longevity. Check out my step-by-step guide on how to come up with a blog name. Get your domain name here 4. Get your blog set upOnce you’ve chosen your blog name, you will need to buy the domain name. Your URL should be as close as possible to the title of your blog, making it easy to find you on a search engine. Professional hosting sites such as WordPress are a great way to set up a website without any fuss nor high price tag, and you can customize your domain to reflect you and your blog with a theme and creative layout.You can purchase from a huge range of themes a vailable online but to get you started there are also plenty of free layouts available. You can also take a look at my list of the best WordPress themes for inspiration. Click here to start your lifestyle blog with HostGator 5. Set a scheduleWith your site up and running the next step is to get blogging! Good blogs will have a steady stream of relevant and interesting content and it can be hard to come up with blog ideas for your posts under pressure.When creating a lifestyle blog, I would recommend setting a loose schedule of content for a few weeks so you know what you have planned in and can avoid any last minute rushes. For some ideas on how to start planning your posts, take a look at this advice video. You don’t need to follow it rigidly, as your blog should be a natural reflection of what is currently on your mind our happening in your life. If something crops up one week that is particularly relevant, then you can be flexible and shuffle things around to suit you best.6 . Write with purposeIt can be challenging to come up with original post ideas all the time, but try to avoid writing a post just for the sake of it â€" readers don’t want filler content and will get bored of too much ‘fluff’. If you’re really struggling with ideas then it’s ok to take a break every now and then and your readers will be more loyal if you stay true to who you.To help avoid writer’s block, keep notes on your phone of good ideas as and when they pop into your head; a killer idea might come to you while you’re on the bus to work so writing it down will make sure you don’t forget.7. Work on your styleDeveloping your tone of voice and writing style is key to publishing engaging, interesting and enjoyable content that will keep your readers coming back for more. Take some time to think about the people who are most likely to read your blog, why they might be reading it and then build out ideas for your website according to this.Interacting with your readers by encouraging them to leave comments and questions is a great way to get to know them and what they love about your blog.Taking your time to develop ideas and work on blogs is essential, they should have structure and a good flow in order to keep people reading from start to finish. While it can be tempting just to type out all of your thoughts onto the page, read back through after to see how you can make it more concise and reader-friendly.8. Build your audienceNow you know how to start a lifestyle blog and create great content, it’s time to start building your reader base. A great way to shout about your new blog is through social media, if you already have a personal account then let friends and family know that they can now visit your own domain.You might want to set up social media accounts such as Facebook, Pinterest and Twitter (my guides on setting those up at the previous links) to promote your blog, but remember that a lifestyle blog is supposed to be personal and show true insight into your life, so don’t make it too professional.Starting a lifestyle blog: our conclusionFollowing these 8 rules when starting a lifestyle blog will put you in a great position for your first venture into the blogosphere.Remember to publish quality content that your readers will enjoy and share your thoughts/knowledge/wisdom where you can.As you evolve it is natural that your blog will too, but a loyal following will ensure that you maintain your reader base throughout your journey as a lifestyle blogger.If you want to get started today with my recommended host for starting a lifestyle blog, click the button below. Don't waste time, start your lifestyle blog now!

Carbon Dioxide The No. 1 Greenhouse Gas

Carbon is an essential building block for all life on earth. It is also the main atom making up fossil fuels’ chemical composition. It can also be found in the form of carbon dioxide, a gas which plays a central role in global climate change. What Is CO2? Carbon dioxide is a molecule made of three parts, a central carbon atom tied to two oxygen atoms. It is a gas making up only about 0.04% of our atmosphere, but it is an important component of the carbon cycle. Carbon molecules are real shapeshifters, often in solid form, but frequently changing phase from CO2 gas to liquid (as carbonic acid or carbonates), and back to a gas. The oceans contain vast amounts of carbon, and so does solid land: rock formations, soils, and all living things contain carbon. Carbon moves around between these different forms in a series of processes referred to as the carbon cycle – or more precisely a number of cycles that plays multiple crucial roles in the global climate change phenomenon. CO2 Is Part of Biological and Geological Cycles During a process called cellular respiration, plants and animals burn sugars to obtain energy. The sugar molecules contain a number of carbon atoms which during respiration are released in the form of carbon dioxide. Animals exhale excess carbon dioxide when they breathe, and plants release it mostly during nighttime. When exposed to sunlight, plants and algae pick up CO2 from the air and strip it of its carbon atom to use in building sugar molecules – the oxygen left behind is released in the air as O2. Carbon dioxide is also part of a much slower process: the geological carbon cycle. It has many components, and an important one is the transfer of carbon atoms from CO2 in the atmosphere to carbonates dissolved in the ocean. Once there, the carbon atoms are picked up by small marine organisms (mostly plankton) which make hard shells with it. After the plankton dies, the carbon shell sinks down to the bottom, joining scores of others and eventually forming limestone rock. Millions of years later that limestone may emerge to the surface, become weathered and release back the carbon atoms. The Release of Excess CO2 Is the Problem Coal, oil, and gas are fossil fuels made from the accumulation of aquatic organisms that are then subjected to high pressure and temperature. When we extract these fossil fuels and burn them, the carbon molecules once locked into the plankton and algae get released back in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. If we look over any reasonable time frame (say, hundreds of thousands of years), the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere has been relatively stable, the natural releases being compensated by the amounts picked up by plants and algae. However, since we have been burning fossil fuels we have been adding a net amount of carbon in the air every year. Carbon Dioxide as a Greenhouse Gas In the atmosphere, carbon dioxide contributes with other molecules to the greenhouse effect. Energy from the sun gets reflected by the surface of the earth, and in the process it is transformed into a wavelength more easily intercepted by greenhouse gases, trapping the heat within the atmosphere instead of letting it reflect out into space. Carbon dioxide’s contribution to the greenhouse effect varies between 10 and 25 % depending on the location, immediately behind water vapor. An Upward Trend The concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere has varied over time, with significant ups and downs experienced by the planet over geological times. If we look at the last millennia however  we see a steep rise in carbon dioxide clearly starting with the industrial revolution. Since pre-1800 estimates the CO2 concentrations have risen by over 42% to current levels over 400 parts per million (ppm), driven by the burning of fossil fuels and by land clearing. How Exactly Do We Add CO2? As we entered an era defined by intense human activity, the Anthropocene, we have been adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere beyond the naturally occurring emissions. Most of this comes from the combustion of coal, oil, and natural gas. The energy industry, especially through carbon-fired power plants, is responsible for most of the world’s greenhouse gas emission – that share reaches 37% in the U.S., according to the Environmental Protection Agency. Transportation, including fossil fuel powered cars, trucks, trains, and ships, comes in second with 31% of emissions. Another 10% comes from the burning of fossil fuels to heat homes and businesses. Refineries and other industrial activities release a lot of carbon dioxide, led by the production of cement which is responsible for a surprisingly large amount of CO2 adding up to 5% of the total worldwide production. Land clearing is an important source of carbon dioxide emissions in many parts of the world. Burning slash and leaving soils exposed releases CO2. In countries where forests are making somewhat of a comeback, like in the United States, land use creates a net uptake of carbon as it gets mobilized by the growing trees. Reducing Our Carbon Footprint Lowering your carbon dioxide emissions can be done by adjusting your energy demand, making more environmentally sound decisions about your transportation needs, and re-evaluating your food choices. Both the Nature Conservancy and the EPA have useful carbon footprint calculators which can help you identify where in your lifestyle you can make the most difference. What Is Carbon Sequestration? Besides reducing emissions, there are actions we can take to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. The term carbon sequestration means capturing CO2 and putting it away in a stable form where it will not contribute to climate change. Such global warming mitigation measures include planting forests and injecting carbon dioxide in old wells or deep into porous geological formations.

In this book, the author Brian Cogan discusses the most...

In this book, the author Brian Cogan discusses the most controversial television shows in history, South Park. He discusses how South Park even though seems simple it is a very thoughtful program on television that discusses many social issues. The creators of South Park, Trey Parker and Matt Stone created a social and political commentary that has been the most successful in television history. Cogan discusses how South Park is a commentary on American culture that is focused around controversial issues. The sitcom allows for the creators to become involved in discussions regarding issues such as religion and sexuality. Cogan inserts that the creators of South Park use every episode to promote their freedom of speech on these†¦show more content†¦I can use this in my research paper because the author discusses the positives of the crude language in South Park. Stephen Holden has been published for related articles in major newspapers and magazines for over forty years. Leonard, Devin. South Park Creators Haven’t Lost Their Edge. Fortune Magazine: 30. 2006. Print. In this article, the author Devin Leonard discusses the success of South Park. South Park attracts 3.1 million viewers an episode which is Comedy Central’s highest-rated program; it is more than the Daily Show with Jon Stewart. In 2006, South Park generated $34 million dollars in advertising revenue. In 1999, when Paramount released South Park: Bigger, Longer, and Uncut, a film by where the main characters find their way into an R-Rated film called Terrance and Phillip. The movie was nominated for Academy award for best song- â€Å"Blame Canada† and the film had a gross income of $83 million dollars at the box office. After the South Park movie, viewers and critics were looking forward to the satiric take through episodes based on current events such as 9/11 and the release of the movie Passion of the Christ. Devin Leonard has a passive tone in the article, seems Pro-South Park and is an editor for Fortune Magazine. I will use this in my paper to show the statistics of how popular South Park really is and to prove that viewers think the way the material or crude language presented in South Park is relevant

Martin Luther King Fought for Freedom, Equality, and Justice

Freedom, equality, justice three simple words that’s what they seem to us but what about to those who had to fight to obtain their freedom? To them having Freedom, Equality, and Justice meant having a future, not living in fear, and pursuing their dreams. Many African-Americans formerly enslaved believed that after the civil war they would be treated like equal citizens. The results they got wasn’t what they expected, instead many people used ignorance, racism, and self-interest to spread racial division. By 1900, new laws and old customs in the North and South had created a segregated society. This condemned African- Americans to second-class citizen ship. There was A man who was tired of seeing all of this racial injustice. Martin luther king jr a man fighting not only for himself but for others. In â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† Martin Luther King, Jr. uses strategic support by applying Rhetorical questioning, and similes in his writing, to open the chur ch leaders eyes to racial injustice and convince them to take action against it. â€Å" Letter from Birmingham Jail† Words for a change I would call it. In this letter Martin Luther King used, lots of rhetorical questioning. Dr. King refers to claims by segregationist that a black man fighting for his rights, precipitated violence. In response he answers with a rhetorical question, â€Å"Isn’t this like condemning a robbed man because his possession of money precipitated the evil act of robbery?† He uses this questionShow MoreRelatedMartin Luther King And King Remembered By Malcolm X Analysis804 Words   |  4 PagesAfrican Americans were passed. During, these years civil and economic rights were being diligently fought for. The unity of all African Americans regardless of their religion, political views, or social was being encouraged. Speeches and rallies also took place to end racism and instill equality. There is no doubt any of this would have been accom plished without the help of notable activists Martin Luther King Jr and Malcolm X. Two bold and heroic men, one nonviolent and the other defiant. Yet, despiteRead MoreThe Gettysburg Address And I Have A Dream Speech Analysis759 Words   |  4 Pagesa speech written by Abraham Lincoln, and Martin Luther King’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech states the importance of freedom and equality. Martin Luther King message to his audience In order to communicate their message of freedom and equality, Martin Luther King and Abraham Lincoln used allusions in their speeches. One major similarity in their use of allusions is their reference to the Constitution of Declaration of Independence. Yet, a difference is that King alludes to the Bible while Abraham LincolnRead MoreBeing A Hero Means To Be A Leader. To Be A Leader You Have1124 Words   |  5 Pagesthey believe is right of freedom and equality of all people. Major leaders like Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X they were inv olved with the Civil Rights Movement during the 60s. They were willing to fight until the end to make a change in society. Both men wanted to give the rights to all black people in America of living as an equal human being. But they both had their own ways of trying to make history and trying to make a difference for black people. Martin Luther believed in fighting verballyRead Moreâ€Å"I Am Happy To Join With You Today In What Will Go Down1420 Words   |  6 Pagesdemonstration for freedom in the history of our nation.† (Lerone Bennett Jr. pg.125) Being a hero means to be a leader. To be a leader you have to have strength, courage, and commitment. In the 1960s, there were many leaders fighting for what they believe is the right of freedom and equality of all people. A major leader, Martin Luther King Jr. was involved in the Civil Rights Movement during the 60s. King was influenced by advocates of nonviolence such as Mahatma Gandhi. He wanted to seek equality for AfricanR ead MoreThe Fight for Social Justice Essay892 Words   |  4 Pagesthe fight for social justice and the common good comes at a great cost to those involved. Through writings such as Dr. Martin Luther King’s â€Å"Letter from a Birmingham Jail† and Sophocles’ â€Å"Antigone†, as well as, lectures such as Dr.Colbourn’s lecture â€Å"Confronting History and the Good Life: Life after Rosewood† it is demonstrated how life, freedom, and a normal everyday life suffer as a cost of fighting for social justice and the common good. To begin with, Dr. Martin Luther King as well as many otherRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Letter From Birmingham Jail1641 Words   |  7 Pages Martin Luther King Jr.’s Letter from Birmingham Jail, there are lots of rhetorical strategies that he uses in response to the eight Alabama clergymen’s letter, A Call for Unity. The clergymen’s letter was criticising Dr. King’s civil rights demonstrations taking place in Alabama. The letter encouraged civil rights activists to negotiate instead of protesting and King’s letter responded arguing that it is necessary for them to take civil action and counters their claim by using ethos, asking rhetoricalRead MoreComparing Martin Luther King and Nelson Mandela1041 Words   |  5 Pageslives of Martin Luther King and Nelson Mandela. I. Martin Luther King Jr. and Nelson Mandela performed similar actions in their lives. A. In 1955, Martin Luther King, Jr., fought for the civil rights of the black population in America. B. Similarly, in South Africa, Nelson Mandela fought for the freedom of blacks from apartheid. II. Another similarity between King and Mandela is that they had the same beliefs. A. King firmly supported his nonviolence protest movement for the equality of blacksRead MoreAnalysis Of Martin Luther Kings I Have A Dream Speech1031 Words   |  5 Pagesor you will fail for anything.† Being one of the influential quotes of all-time, Martin Luther King Jr. did not fail to expound on her statement. In his life as well as Martin Luther King Jr’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech, he was an avid and determined African American striving for racial equality. He allowed for others to follow his lead, and to continue his legacy as the U.S continues to live on as a nation of freedom, liberty, and a home of safe living. King’s presentation addresses the African AmericanRead MoreDr. Martin Luther King Jr. Essay1134 Words   |  5 Pages human rights, and power and how history makers such as Martin Luther King Jr., Nelson Mandela, and Mahatma Gandhi (just to name these few) helped to redress them to an extent and how theirs efforts shape contemporary events. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was born on 15 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia and is one of the most remembered Human Rights Activists in America history. He is remembered for his nonviolent fight for racial equality and justice to the black race and color men minority in general. HisRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Martin Luther Kings I Have A Dream1140 Words   |  5 PagesRhetorical Analysis African American Baptist minister and activist, Martin Luther King, Jr., in his â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech, addresses racism against Negros and demands equal rights and freedoms. King’s purpose is to motivate his audience to join him in fighting for what they deserve. He shifts from an urgent, demanding tone at the beginning of the speech to a more hopeful and patriotic tone towards the end. Throughout the speech, Dr. King appeals to the audience’s desire to better their futures by utilizing

What does it mean to be Educated free essay sample

When thinking about education, for the most part one always thinks about school. Is education really just about school or what does it mean to be educated is the big question. Each person has their own view and opinion on what it means to be â€Å"educated†. Some may say one with a college degree is â€Å"educated†. Others may say one is â€Å"educated† when they have real life learning experiences under their belt. Really who decides what it means to be â€Å"educated†? In this writing I will explain my view on what it means to be â€Å"educated† and voice some of the other opinions for the people who share similar ideas with me. One person that really analyzes what is wrong with the youth of today is Mark Edmunson. He thinks, â€Å"I want some of them to say they’ve been changed by the class†¦ I don’t teach to amuse, to divert, or even, for that matter to be merely interesting (323). † In his writing he would talk about how kids are there to be entertained and were expecting school to be easy. I believe that may be one wrong idea that our society has about education. Students now take everything for granted and feel entitled to an easy education. I see it everyday I go to class. Students will just sit there and not interact at all. They just sit there and don’t try at all and expect to breeze through that class. Then once they realize they’re doing horrible they try to blame the teacher for not teaching good enough. When really it’s not the teacher’s responsibility at all it is the student’s job to learn. It’s really society I think that has led students to think this. I believe it starts in elementary school which it should be allowed. I think it goes wrong when junior high and high school teachers allow their students to have that mindset. I think they give them that mindset by being too easy on them. That is one of my ideas about education and how society I think has the wrong idea about it. In order for that to change and get kids more interested in education, I think the parents and teachers need to work together to try to resolve the issue. It cannot just be one or the other trying to push education. As for the parents, some parents don’t even care about education at all. When their kid gets home and complains about school or how much homework they have, many parents will agree with their child and sympathize with them that they get too much work or their teacher isn’t good enough. Well in most cases the teacher does fine and they don’t give too much homework. Most of the time students are lazy and just don’t want to get any work done. In order for that to change I think it’s important that parents support the education system. Also for parents to give positive reinforcement, like help their child with the homework they have trouble with or maybe discuss with the teacher their child is having. Something else parents can maybe think about doing is giving their child an incentive for doing well in school. Maybe like an award or something along those lines. Overall I think the parents can have a major impact on getting their kids motivated to learn and can change their kids attitude about education fairly easy. Another writer who caught my attention was Kozol in his writing â€Å"Still separate, still unequal.† Kozol looked at many different schools and found that there was always a dominant race at the schools. In the public schools and schools where it was claimed to be â€Å"ghetto† the population at those schools were mostly black and Hispanic. At the private schools and the schools that were in a better â€Å"area of town† were mostly white. These weren’t little dominances in these schools either it was a major population diversion. Kozol states, â€Å"At John F. Kennedy school 93 percent of more than 4,000 students were either black or Mexican, only 3.5 percent were white (406).† That represents that there is still a huge diversity in our schools. I believe one thing that makes our education system like this is the economics involved with it. The white people can afford to go too better school while the other races are forced to go to public schools. Now I’m not trying to be raciest but it just works itself out that way. Theres also more behind it than just the economics, there’s also the mentality aspect of it. Some of the white kids just get transferred to a different school because their parents may like the location more. Then economics doesn’t really have anything to do with it since it doesn’t cost money to transfer ones kid to another public school. Something else that Intrigues me is what people think about the segregation that takes place in the schools around the country. Many people don’t even know it exists. Or if they do know they don’t realize how much segregation there is. To put it in perspective, in one of the schools there were 93 percent blacks and Hispanics and 3.5 percent whites. That’s like 31 black and Hispanics for every white kid. What do people think about this? I’m sure if more people knew about it something might actually take place and there might be some change. People don’t like to see stuff like this. They like when everyone is mixed and everyone is happy together. When there is a major racial difference in schools it shows that some people aren’t comfortable with some other races. While people are like that, I think it’s wrong and I think it’s something we need to get over as a society. Segregation was once a big issue during MlK’s time. After that everyone thought that it disappeared. Little do they know that it never completely went away. It’s very much here to this day. On top of that It exists most in children’s lives where the youth of today will be adults of tomorrow. If we don’t do anything about this issue, it seems as though history will keep repeating itself.

The Era of Exploration 1400-1700 Essay Example

The Era of Exploration: 1400-1700 Essay From 1400 to 1700 C.E. was known as the era of exploration. These European explorers, conquistadors, and settlers have changed the world with theyre amazing discoveries. People now want to stop celebrating these explorers and their great discoveries. One reason the explorers should still be celebrated is that they thought the Indians many new things. They also introduced them to new animals and crops. And finally they thought them a new culture, Christianity. The explorers should still be celebrated. The European explorers thought the Indians so much. In document 1 it states â€Å"Learned all the Spanish trades†. This shows the explorers thought the Indians about trade, and what to trade. Also stated in document 1 â€Å"Now they have planted all the trees and plants†. This shows that the europeans thought the Indians new things to plant for their crops. Finally stated in document 1 â€Å"Now they breed cattle of all sorts†. This shows that they thought the Indian s how to breed different types of cattle. This is how the Spanish helped the Indians but they’re other reasons why we should still celebrate the explorers. The explorers should still be celebrated is that the explorers introduced Indians to new animals and crops. According to document 3 it states â€Å"Began the exchange of plat and animal species†. This shows that the explorers have helped us by giving Indians new plants and animals. I know this has helped the Indians a lot because in document 3 it states â€Å"that have ultimately been of widespread benefit to people though out the globe†. This shows that the exchange has helped everyone by providing them with new things that they needed. I know the exchange help many people because in document 3 it states â€Å"was a process that brought benefits to all people†. This is another reason why the explorers should still be celebrated. We will write a custom essay sample on The Era of Exploration: 1400-1700 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Era of Exploration: 1400-1700 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Era of Exploration: 1400-1700 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Portugal brought their culture to the Indians and thought them a new culture. In document 4 it

Drinking At 18 essays

Drinking At 18 essays Should the legal drinking age be 21 as it is right now, or should it be lowered as it once was to 18? It used to be 18 before the years between 1970 and 1980. This is easily discussed among college students, most of which are under the legal drinking age. As I was discussing this issue with fellow students, I heard many responses from different ages. Some said that they were okay with the current law; besides if they wanted alcohol they could get it easily. Others were stating that the age should go back to 18. The arguments for the legal drinking age at 21 where it is now is supported with many sources on the World Wide Web and in print articles. One statement that kept rising is that many 18-year-olds are still in high school when they are 18, and they also come in close contact with 15-17 year olds (Parker 69). The individual state laws vary because there is no federal law for the minimum drinking age. Currently all states have a minimum legal drinking age of 21. The way the federal government encouraged states to raise the drinking age to 21 is to withhold a portion of Federal-aid highway funds (Advocates Fact...). I personally see the reasoning behind the minimum drinking age being 18. I feel that the drinking age should be 18, not because I would be able to buy alcohol legally, but because since people can serve in the armed forces and die for their country they should be able to. This doesnt make sense. Many states have the law which keep minors from buying alcohol, but it doesnt specifically state anything about drinking it (A call for...). So there are some loopholes in states laws. It is also easy for someone my age to buy alcohol with a fake ID or by knowing the clerk, who in most cases is a friend. In college almost everyone knows someone who is 21 so it can be easy to get anyway. If someone really wanted alcohol they could get it. The issues that 18-year-olds are less mature tha...

Quick Response Logistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Quick Response Logistics - Essay Example First and foremost, the retailer can use this strategy to carry out research about customer needs and respond to their requirements. Having captured the customer requirements, the retailers can then design and manufacture the designer fashion within reasonable time and at relatively low cost. By adopting this, strategy, the retailer stands better chances of winning business since it will be operating effectively and efficiently at low cost. The returns are likely to be high for the company. As illustrated in the case of Zara, the concept of quick response logistics has significantly helped the company to gain a competitive advantage over the other rival competitors. The company operates very low inventory and it makes deliveries of the products to different retailers at least twice a week. The other notable aspect about the company is that it takes only four to five weeks to design a new collection and then about a week to manufacture it whereas other competitors will take almost double the time to do the same. This helps the company to be in a position to respond to the needs of the customers in time and the strategy also helps the company to cut costs in its

Fannie Mae Accounting Scandal Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Fannie Mae Accounting Scandal - Case Study Example In 2004, the Office of Federal Housing Enterprise Oversight (OFHEO) found out that the firm Fannie Mae was violating the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). This practice, as per the government investigation took place from 1998-2004, while in the year 1998, the management over stated revenues and understated the expenses. In accordance with a report that has been recently presented by OFHEO, there was involvement of high level executives that led to the misinterpretation and violation of accounting standards, which was a massive scale 'organized-accounting-robbery' mounting the dollar amount to 11 billion. The director of OFHEO took an immediate note and directed correction, which was turned down by Fannie Mae making an excuse that it could have been an end-user issue as the company is not fully automated. What truly went improper was the fact that loans and mortgage are fairly risky games and there are always chances of customers defaulting, alongside the interest rate risk makes the venture further riskier. For securing their investment and giving better return to stakeholders, Fannie Mae undertook risky ventures and investment for better returns and compensating the main stream line of business. When there were phenomenal profits, the shareholders and executives remain satisfied due to income (dividend yield and capital gains) and bonuses respectively. Violation of GAAP In the recently presented report by OFHEO, after three years of extensive investigations, there was a major accounting flaws in the accounting practices of Fannie Mae noticed and marked. The major ones are highlighted as the violation of the following GAAP standards: 1. SFAS-91: Accounting for Nonrefundable Fees and Costs Associated with Originating or Acquiring Loans and Initial Direct Costs of Leases 2. SFAS-133: Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities As mentioned previously, that there was too much over-estimation of income and underestimated expenses that mainly contributed to increased bottom-line of the financial statements. The excess income was mainly recorded by means of non-refundable fees. Alongside, the future in-flows of cash were adjusted by using hedging and futures counters that introduced lesser risk with fluctuating interest rates, however, these also increased the risk by means of gambling over the same counters with excess money. Official Involvement & Auditors The major player/official involved in this scandal was the Chief Executive of Fannie Mae i.e. Franklin Raines. He always defended the company in good terms by making others responsible by tarnishing the repute of the company. The CFO (Chief Financial Officer) also defended the company in good terms by stating that the financial statements were as per the GAAP requirements. The audit of this firm was KPMG who backed out after sometime. The denial of having the firm involved in such a violation gave a view of KPMG being involved them in the issue but it could have been a case of negligence as well as the auditors drew their hands from this case soon. OFHEO

Learning Organization Essay Example for Free

Learning Organization Essay The evolution of Organizational Learning has started in 1938 when John Dewey, in his book Experience and Education, publicized the concept of experiential learning as an ongoing cycle of activity. But, how did this concept emerge? Or, what does it really mean for the businesses? In order to understand this, we have to analyze the problems and needs. The core idea behind learning organization is that organizations of all kinds will not survive, let alone thrive, if they do not acquire an ability to adapt continuously to an increasingly unpredictable future. Or in other words, in order to survive and succeed for businesses, it is essential to establish or build stronger relationships with customers, where there are rapidly changing, turbulent and/or highly competitive market. Through learning, organizations may be better equipped to meet the challenges caused by continuous environmental turbulence. In addition, where products and processes can rapidly be copied, according to Arie de Geus, head of strategic planning department of Royal/Dutch Shell, the only real source of competitive advantage is to stimulate learning by employees. This may allow these individuals to identify new ways of working more closely with customers, which in turn permits the organization to differentiate itself from competition. However, the style of learning has to reflect the operational needs of the organization. For instance, a manufacturer which has adopted a transactional marketing style would probably choose to operate in a relatively stable market, produce standard components and focus primarily on offering adequate quality goods at a competitive price. In such circumstances, assuming that the organizational systems are based around repetition of routine procedures, the firm would probably be well advised to focus upon creating a single-loop learning environment as the most appropriate way fur sustaining employee development aimed at organizational efficiency. 2 On the other hand, in market situations where firms face periods of significant, discontinuous change and/or there is a desire to differentiate  the firm from competition through the adoption of a relationship marketing style, then possibly an incremental, more adaptive learning style, which is called double-loop learning may be more appropriate, so to involve the exploitation of new knowledge to evolve new practices, perspectives and operational frameworks. Figure 1: Single- vs. double-loop learning. II. DEFINITION OF LEARNING ORGANIZATIONS Keeping in mind what we have so far discussed, now let us check some definitions of the Learning Organizations. Peter M. Senge, who is also named as the father of this concept, describes learning organizations as organizations where people can continuously expand their capacity to create results which they truly desire. In such organizations, new and expansive patterns of thinking are nurtured, and collective aspiration is set free. Individuals learn to learn together. He declares Deep down, we are all learners. It is not only our nature to learn, but we love to learn. Chris Argyris and Donald Schon defined the concept of learning organizations through the help of the definition of organizational learning: where the process of detection and correction of errors rules. 3 Moreover, how de Geus defined learning organizations is very remarkable: Forget your tired old ideas about leadership. The most successful corporation of the 1990s will be something called a learning organization? The ability to learn faster than your competitors, may be the only sustainable competitive advantage. One last definition might be the one of Kim, D., a learning organization is one that consciously manages its learning process through an inquiry-driven orientation among all its members. III. FIVE DISCIPLINES OF SENGE I have already mentioned that Senge was called as the father of the concept of Learning Organizations. When he first published his book The Fifth Discipline: The Art Practice of The Learning Organization in 1990, he caught a significant attention from academics and the business world. Peter M. Senge (1947- ) was named a ? Strategist of the Century by the Journal of Business Strategy, one of 24 men and women who have ? had the greatest impact on the way we conduct business today. Moreover, Senge has founded the Center for Organizational Learning at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1991 while he is also the founding chairperson of the Society for Organizational Learning (SoL) and a senior lecturer at MIT. Being maybe the most important, namely the person having the most influence in Learning Organizations I will study his so called five disciplines in my project. 4 3. 1 PERSONAL MASTERY 3. 1. 1 Introduction to Personal Mastery  Senge says, Organizations learn only through individuals who learn. Individual learning does not guarantee organizational learning. But without it no organizational learning occurs. The people are the main active force in every aspect of the business. Since, people have their own will and mind, and their own way of thinking; it is essential that they be sufficiently motivated to challenge the goals of growth and complexity. In todays practices, the manager should not be willing to dominate controlling, planning and organizing the workers activities. Instead they should be enabling the people in the business have their own enriching lives through establishing and maintaining the conditions needed. One should be living his own life from a creative viewpoint, so as to turn the life into a creative work. Personal Mastery is the phrase Senge and his colleagues use for the discipline of personal growth and learning. People with high levels of personal mastery are continually expanding their ability to create the results in life they truly seek. From their quest for continual learning comes the spirit of the learning organization. 3. 1. 1. 1 Mastery and Proficiency. There are two main underlying movements when personal mastery becomes a discipline, one of which is always continually making clear what is important for oneself, whereas the other movement is to continually learn how to see the current reality more clearly. It is vital to know where you are now in moving toward a desired destination. People with a high level of personal mastery share several basic characteristics, one of which is that they have a special sense of purpose that lies behind their visions and goals. 5 For such a person, a vision is an aspiration rather than simply a good idea. One other characteristic is that they live in a continual learning mode, where they never arrive. They know that personal mastery is not something one possesses, but is a process, a lifelong discipline. Those with a high level of personal mastery are acutely aware of their ignorance, their incompetence; and they know, or better to say truly believe that the journey itself is the reward. 3. 1. 1. 2 Why We Want It We want it because people with high levels of personal mastery are more committed, take more initiative, have a broader and deeper sense of responsibility in their work, and learn faster. Kazou Inamori, founder and chairman emeritus of Kyocera Corporation and president of the Inamori Foundation, who holds a bachelor of sciences in applied chemistry, says that Our employees agreed to live in a community in which they would not exploit each other, but rather help each other so that we may each live our life fully. 3. 1. 1. 3 Resistance One of the issues against the personal mastery is the resistance, which in turn is a valid fear for companies in which the managers couldnt build a shared vision along with shared mental models. It is useless to have personal mastery as solely without other disciplines of the organizational learning. Thats why we always have to keep in mind that personal mastery must go together with a shared vision and the other disciplines. 6 3. 1. 2 The Discipline of Personal Mastery 3. 1. 2. 1 Personal Vision Most adults have goals and objectives, but these are not visions. Thus, we can say that most have little sense of real vision. When asked what they want, many adults will say what they want to get rid of, as if they delineate themselves as given-ups, rather than grown-ups. Senge points that The ability to focus on ultimate intrinsic desires, not only on secondary goals, is a cornerstone of personal mastery. Vision is different from purpose, since purpose is similar to a direction, a general heading, whereas vision is a specific destination, a picture of a desired future. Vision is the image of your desired future. It shouldnt be confused with competition; it shouldnt be isolated from the idea of ones purpose. It is something which has personal aspects along with material aspects, such as where we want to live and how much of savings we want, or issues like health or freedom contribute, relatively. 3. 1. 2. 2 Holding Creative Tension One testimony of Senge says that there is something called the creative tension which is the source of energy derived from the gap between ones vision and where it stands in reality. This gap can push someone forward to get closer to the vision; however it might also discourage some other people, so as to leading to feelings and emotions associated with anxiety. Imagine a rubber band, stretched between your vision and the current reality. When stretched, the rubber band creates tension, representing the tension between vision and current reality. What does tension seek? Resolution or release. There 7 are two possible ways for the tension to resolve itself: pull reality toward the vision or pull the vision toward reality. Which occurs will depend on whether we hold steady to the vision. Figure 3: Creative Tension Negative emotions caused by anxiety of the creative tension, shouldnt be realized as the creative tension itself. What Senge argues, is that after some time what we call emotional tension will arise due to the negative emotions. In such cases, we feel deeply discouraged about a vision that is not happening and tend to lower the vision as an immediate so called remedy. It is clear that escaping emotional tension is easy; but what we really pay against is giving up something what we profoundly want, our vision. In the context of organizations we can say that goals are slowly lowered because of low tolerance for emotional tension. What we have to do is to understand thoroughly what the creative tension is and allow it to operate without lowering our vision; only then the vision becomes an active force in personal mastery. The gap in between should be used to generate energy for change. 8 Mastery of creative tension transforms the way we judge failure. It is simply an opportunity for learning. 3. 1. 2. 3 Structural Conflict: The Power of your Powerlessness A research done by Robert Fritz has shown that practically all of us have a dominant belief that we are not able to fulfill our desires. This in turn, is an obstacle one should get rid off. These beliefs, which are mandatory as a child to survive, were taught us so that we learnt our limitations. Most of us hold one of two contradictory beliefs that intrinsically limit our ability to create what so called we really want. The more common belief is in our powerlessness, namely our inability to bring into being all the things we really care about, whereas the other belief focuses on unworthiness, that we do not deserve to have what we truly desire. Fritz uses a metaphor to describe how contradictory underlying beliefs work as a system, which he calls the structural conflict, the metaphor counter to achieving our goals, through symbolizing the concept by another rubber band example. Figure 4: Effect of structural conflict to the creative tension. Later on, he identifies three generic so called strategies to cope with the forces of structural conflict, each of which has its own limitations. Accordingly, one is letting 9 our vision to erode. This strategy will lead to the sacrifice of what we truly want as discussed earlier. The second strategy is to conflict manipulation which is actually the strategy of people who mostly worry about failure. What they do is to focus on avoiding what they do not want to happen. This strategy makes one to spend his/her life in worry and fear. For those following this strategy, which is also called the negative vision, there is little joy in their life, even when they achieve their goals because this time they immediately tend to begin worrying about losing what they have gained. The last and most favorable strategy is defined as the willpower, where we simply psyche ourselves up to overpower all forms of resistance to achieving our goals. Simply saying, motivating through heightened will. In the next section, we will discuss Senges strategy for dealing with structural conflict: telling the truth. 3. 1. 2. 4 Commitment to the Truth People often want a technique that they can apply to solve the problem of structural conflict. But, in fact, being committed to the truth is far more powerful than any technique. So, what does it actually mean? It means a relentless willingness to root out the ways we limit or deceive ourselves from seeing what is, and to continually challenge our theories of why things are the way they are. The first critical task in dealing with structural conflicts is to recognize them, and the resulting behavior, when they are operating. This helps us to develop so called internal 10  warning signals, such as when we find ourselves blaming something or someone for our problems. What Senge suggests in this context is that we have to work on developing skills to discuss such situations with the people involved without producing defensiveness. We shouldnt always act in a manner where we always think of what others have done in the situation, rather we have to concentrate on what we can do. This in other words, relates to the fact that we have to understand, or better to say, realize the situation, the current reality in which we are, so to use this as a generative force. This has even been concluded in religions like Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, Jewish, Buddhism. One example might be the statement of The truth shall set you free. 3. 1. 2. 5 Using the Subconscious One of the most fascinating aspects of people with high levels of personal mastery is their ability to accomplish extraordinarily complex tasks with grace and ease. But, how does this come to happen? It is through the subconscious that all of us deal with complexity. What distinguishes people with high levels of personal mastery is they have developed a higher level of understanding between their normal awareness and their subconscious. Even the daily activities of us like walking, talking, eating or putting on your shoes are enormously complex tasks, for which we have learned the required skills of the tasks, which in turn led that the whole activity gradually shifts from conscious attention to subconscious control. People with high levels of personal mastery focus on the desired result itself, not the process or the means they assume necessary to achieve that result. This allows the person in focusing on the artistry of the result as well. 11 In other words, we can say that we must work at learning how to differentiate what we truly want, from what we think we need to do in order to achieve it. In order to develop a subconscious understanding it is also important to commit to the truth, because when not telling the truth, most people create some level of internal stress. The principle of creative tension recognizes that the subconscious operates most effectively when it is focused clearly on our vision and our current reality. One effective way to focus the subconscious is through imagery and visualization. For instance, world-class swimmers have found that by imagining their hands to be twice their actual size and their feet to be webbed, they actually swim faster. Mental practicing of complex tasks has become a routine psychological training for professional performers from different areas of interest. A strict reliance on only conscious learning could never have achieved this level of artistry, even if there was all the willpower in the world present. Contradictorily, it had to depend on a high level of subconscious understanding. 3. 2 MENTAL MODELS 3. 2. 1 Introduction to Mental Models  Mental models can be described as the views and assumptions we hold in our minds about how things are and how things work. A mental model is like ones way of looking at whats happening in the world. In other words, it determines how we think and act. Mental models depend on the past experiences, and the perception as a result of those experiences, and observations. In the introduction I had introduced the experiential learning, which was the style of learning through past experience and some other elements 12 like concrete experience, observation and reflection, and forming abstract concepts. Accordingly, a child without knowing that it might cut his hand might take a knife in his hand and try to push it in his hand. This in fact, will hurt him a lot. However, grown ups already know how to deal with a knife, so they wont do the same mistake as the child does. All the experiences learnt are added up so to form or build up the mental models. 3. 2. 1. 1 Why the Best Ideas Fail? From the business point of view, one thing which is known by all managers is that many of the best ideas never get put into practice. Even brilliant strategies fail to get translated into action. New insights fail to get put into practice because they conflict with deeply held internal images of how the world works, images that limit us to familiar ways of thinking and acting. That is why the discipline of managing mental models ? surfacing, testing, and improving our internal pictures of how the world works- promises to be a major breakthrough for building learning organizations. Our mental models determine not only how we make sense of the world, but how we take action, namely they shape how we act which puts them into an active sense. But, why are mental models so powerful in affecting what we do? In part, because they affect what we see. As psychologists say, human beings observe selectively. Mental models also exist in the organizations, and also in management. Mental models could cause big losses in the business world as it can also prevent us from seeing the current situation. Loosing Americas car market share to German and Japanese countries was a result of the mental models of the management, where they are prevented to see the situation because of their models in mind, and perceptions. 13 The problems with mental models lie not in whether they are right or wrong-by definition, all models are simplifications. The problems with mental models arise when the models are tacit-when they exist below the level of awareness. 3. 2. 1. 2. Overcoming The Basic Diseases of the Hierarchy In the traditional authoritarian organization, the dogma was managing, organizing, and controlling, whereas in the learning organization, the new dogma will be vision, values, and mental models. In addition, in traditional organizations, merit means doing what the boss wants, openness means telling the boss what he wants to hear, and localness means doing the dirty stuff that the boss doesnt want to do. However, in learning organizations these concepts will get new understandings. 3. 2. 2. The Discipline of Mental Models Developing an organizations capacity to work with mental models involves both learning new skills and implementing institutional innovations that help bring these skills into regular practice. 3. 2. 2. 1 Managing Mental Models Throughout An Organization A concept of scenarios should be adapted in pursuit of mental models, so to force managers to consider how they would manage under different alternative paths into the future. This offsets the tendency for managers to implicitly assume a single future. When groups of managers share a range of alternative futures in their mental models, they become more responsive to those changes. 14 Mental modeling should be implemented as a philosophy. It is important to note that the goal in mental modeling is not agreement or congruency. Many mental models can exist at once. What is important is that we have to consider all of them and test against situations that we confront. Only after the process works it leads to congruency. 3. 2. 2. 2 Managing Mental Models At Personal and Interpersonal Levels The learning skills of action science practitioners such as Chris Argyris fall into two broad classes: skills of reflection and skills of inquiry. Where skills of reflection concern slowing down our own thinking process so that we can become more aware of how we form our mental models and the ways they influence our actions, inquiry skills concern how we operate in face-to-face interactions with others, especially in dealing with complex and conflictual issues. Reflection skills start with recognizing leaps of abstraction, which mean that our minds move at lightning speeds. Ironically, this often slows our learning, because we immediately leap to generalizations so quickly that we never think to test them. Namely, leaps of abstraction occur when we move from direct observations to generalization without testing. Here it is important to distinguish direct observation from generalizations inferred from the observation itself. To distinguish it, explicitly separate it from the data which led to it. A second technique from action science is the left-hand column, which in turn is a powerful tool for beginning to see how our mental models operate in particular situations. It reveals ways that we manipulate situations to avoid dealing with how we actually think and feel, and thereby prevent a counterproductive situation from improving. The most important lesson that comes from seeing our left-hand columns is how we undermine opportunities for learning in conflictual situations. Here, a process called balancing inquiry and advocacy comes into action. 15 Managers are mostly trained to be advocates. In many companies, being a competent manager means, being able to solve problems, figuring out what needs to be done, and enlisting whatever support is needed to get it done. In such organizations, employees are rewarded according to their ability to debate forcefully, and influence others, where the inquiry skills are unrecognized. Those rewards unfortunately can bring the employees to managerial positions, where they suddenly face the fact that they do not learn while they should learn. Advocacy without inquiry between two people can end up in vicious circle. The more vehemently one argues, the more it creates a threat to the others position, so that the latter argues vehemently, which causes a threat to the first ones position, therefore, the first one argues even more vehemently. This reinforcing advocacy can be stopped by inquiring. Then it gives a chance for the both parts to understand each others conflicts, and reasoning. When in pure advocacy, people do not want to show the weak parts of their reasoning, and discard them. Definitely it does not bring any learning to us. Instead it brings polarization within the group. When operating in pure advocacy, the goal is to win the argument; however, when inquiry and advocacy are combined the goal is no longer to win the argument but to find the best argument out of all. This combination allows us to discover completely new views. What we have to keep in mind is that practicing inquiry and advocacy means being willing to expose the limitations in your own thinking, namely the willingness to be wrong. 16 3. 3 SHARED VISION 3. 3. 1 Introduction to Shared Vision 3. 3. 1. 1 A Common Caring A shared vision is not an idea, it is rather a force in peoples hearts, a force of impressive power. It may be inspired by an idea, but once it goes further ? if it is compelling enough to acquire support of more than one person? then it is no longer an abstraction. It is tangible. People begin to see it as if it exists. Few forces in human affairs are as powerful as shared visions. At its simplest level, a shared vision is the answer to the question, What do we want to create? Just as personal visions are pictures or images people carry in their heads and hearts, so too are shared visions pictures that people throughout an organization carry. When people truly share a vision they are connected, bound together by a common aspiration. Shared vision is one of the vital fundamentals of learning organizations, because it provides energy and also focus for learning. People should have something that really matters to them, something that makes them excited. A shared vision is not one dictated by that top management; it only exists when people are personally committed, since it is their personal vision. 3. 3. 1. 2 Why Shared Visions Matter? In an organization, a shared vision changes peoples relationship with the company. What they so far called as their company, becomes our company. It helps to create a common identity. Only this way, a learning organization can really succeed. You cannot have a learning organization without shared vision. 17 How can a commitment to the long term be fostered is the key question in efforts to develop systems thinking in management. People do not focus on the long term because they have to, but only because they want to. 3. 3. 2 The Discipline of Building Shared Vision Shared visions emerge from personal visions. This is how they derive their energy and how they foster commitment. The management should encourage individuals so as to let them create their own visions, as was told earlier in this project. However, these visions are not the shared vision itself. This is needed so that it will be easier for the individuals to accept visions of others and work in the same manner. In this way, the synergy which will be established is needed for the organization indeed. The shared vision shouldnt be written and taught to employees because this will establish a fear. Instead, everyone should adopt this vision and commit itself to the whole vision of the organization. 3. 3. 2. 1 From Personal Visions to Shared Visions To make it clearer, lets imagine a picture of a landscape. When you cut this picture into smaller parts, you will not be able to see the whole sight. However, if you have a picture of an ocean in which all the organisms, like fish, plants, etc. live, and you cut it into pieces, you will still be able to see the whole sight because the vision of the ocean is the same in that part. Its like the shared vision. When you take the shared vision person by person into consideration youll see that they match each other and reflect the whole image. 18 So, it is the fact that when more people come to share a common vision, the vision may not change fundamentally. But it becomes more alive, more real in the sense of a mental reality that people can truly imagine achieving. Writing a vision statement, which is often a one-shot vision, can be a first step in building shared vision but, alone, it rarely makes a vision come alive within an organization. Another problem with the so called one-shot vision that was prepared by the top management is that the resulting vision does not build on peoples personal visions. Contrarily, it only reflects the personal vision of one or two people at the top. The last problem might be explained in the manner as the vision is not a solution to a problem. Building a shared vision must be seen as a central element of the daily work of leaders. It is ongoing and never-ending. It is not truly a shared vision until it connects with the personal visions of people throughout the organization. Moreover, visions that are truly shared take time to emerge. They grow as a by-product of interactions of individual visions. Experience suggests that visions that are genuinely shared require ongoing conversation where individuals not only feel free to express their dreams, but also learn how to listen to each others dreams. 3. 3. 2. 2 Spreading Visions: Enrollment, Commitment, and Compliance There is a big difference between compliance and commitment. The committed person brings energy, passion and excitement, which in turn brings the synergy; he does not play by the rules of the game, instead feels responsible for the game, and will not hesitate to change the rules of the game if they stand in the way of achieving vision. On the other hand compliant followers only accept the vision, but do not have a personal desire. They may want it in order to keep their job, or to get a promotion etc. , but they know that its not their vision at all. For an organization to survive, it must ensure that a shared vision with the commitment of the individuals is established. 19 However, there are the types of genuine compliant followers, which may often be mistaken for enrollment or commitment. What then is the difference between being genuinely compliant and enrolled and committed? The answer is deceptively simple. People who are enrolled or committed truly want the vision, where genuinely compliant people accept the vision. They may want it in order to keep their job, or to get a promotion etc. , but they know that its not their vision at all. 3. 4 TEAM LEARNING 3. 4. 1 Introduction to Team Learning 3. 4. 1. 1 The Potential Wisdom Teams In order to understand team learning, it is important to understand what teams are. The word team can be traced back to the Indo-European word deuk (to pull); it has always included a meaning of pulling together. (The modern sense of team, a group of people acting together, emerged in the sixteenth century) We define teams as any group of people who need each other to accomplish a result. This definition is derived from a statement made by former Royal Dutch/Shell Group Planning coordinator, Arie de Geus: The only relevant learning in a company is the learning done by those people who have the power to take action. Team learning is a process of aligning and developing the capacity of a team to create the results its members truly desire. It builds on the discipline of developing shared vision. It also builds on developing personal mastery, for talented teams are made up of talented individuals. But shared vision and talent are not enough. The world is full of teams of talented individuals who share a vision for a while, yet fail to learn. 20 Here we can discuss the terms unaligned and aligned teams. The fundamental characteristic of the relatively unaligned team is wasted energy. Individuals may work extraordinarily hard, but their efforts do not efficiently translate to team effort. By contrast, when a team becomes more aligned, a commonality of direction emerges, and individuals energies harmonize. There is less wasted energy. In fact, a resonance or synergy develops, like the coherent light of a laser rather than the incoherent and scattered light of a light bulb. There is commonality of purpose, a shared vision, and understanding of how to complement one anothers efforts. Individuals do not sacrifice their personal interests to the larger team vision; rather, the shared vision becomes an extension of their personal visions. In fact, alignment is the necessary condition before empowering the individual will empower the whole team. Team learning is possible in every area, sports, business, performing arts, science, etc. It can even have extra ordinary results where the teams can be coordinated and even intelligence of the team can exceed the intelligence of its members totaling. In such an environment, team members can also show a rapid growth, than they could gain individually, namely constructing the synergy. With the changes in the organizations, team learning has never been that important. No matter if its a product development team, management team or cross-functional task forces. As they are teams, they are the people who need one another to act. The three critical dimensions of Team Learning can be described as; 1. Insightful thinking is necessary for complex issues. Teams must learn to end up with one more intelligent solution when compared to each of the participants solutions. 2. Innovative and coordinated action is vital.

Israel and Irans Incompatibility Essay -- Bushehr, Iran, Israel

The incompatibility for the game between Israel and Iran is because Iran would not play by the same set of rules that were set between the United States and Russia during the Cold War. This assumption is based on Iran’s own unique scenario in a regional game in the Middle East, as well as Iran’s history to avoid inside the box thinking when it comes to strategic warfare. Tira concludes that the unreliability accompanying the area’s instability and Iran’s known use of creating black swans to continuously push and wear down an opponent, shows that if a nuclear Iran were to develop it would be a major threat not to be taken lightly. The conclusion that Tira arrives at is very helpful in explaining why Israel is not fond of Russia assisting Iran develop its nuclear program further than where it already stands. IV. Findings and Analysis To understand why Israel is concerned with Iran, it is first imperative to understand the Iranian nuclear program’s history and the extent of Iran’s current program. The goal to obtain a sufficient nuclear energy program has been a long standing goal for Iran. Iran’s first reactor, the Tehran Research Reactor, was established in 1967 and since then has seen nuclear energy and the possible gains of a nuclear arsenal as an insurance policy in the survivability to the current regime (Collina and others 2013, 3). To increase its capacity for production Iran has also worked with Russia to build the Bushehr reactor, which was completed in 2011 (Katz 2012, 58). On top of these two sites, Iran has many more facilities that help in the production of nuclear energy, as well as nuclear enrichment facilities. These enrichment facilities, which were publicly recognized by Iran in 2003 had been kept hidden... ....1080/10736700.2013.769375. (Accessed November 9, 2013). Katz, Mark N. 2012. "Russia and Iran." Middle East Policy 19, no. 3: 54-64. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy2.apus.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=aab26c60-18b8-40e7-8764-bddcc193eee9%40sessionmgr115&vid=5&hid=103 (Accessed November 20, 2013). Shenna, J. C. (2010). â€Å"The Case Against the Case Against Iran: Regionalism as the West's Last Frontier†. The Middle East Journal, 64(3), 341-363. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/744027301?accountid=8289. (Accessed November 9, 2013). Tira, Ron. 2011. "Can Iran be Deterred?." Policy Review no. 169: 39-48. Retrieved from EBSCOhost http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy2.apus.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=aab26c60-18b8-40e7-8764-bddcc193eee9%40sessionmgr115&vid=7&hid=103 (Accessed November 20, 2013). Israel and Iran's Incompatibility Essay -- Bushehr, Iran, Israel The incompatibility for the game between Israel and Iran is because Iran would not play by the same set of rules that were set between the United States and Russia during the Cold War. This assumption is based on Iran’s own unique scenario in a regional game in the Middle East, as well as Iran’s history to avoid inside the box thinking when it comes to strategic warfare. Tira concludes that the unreliability accompanying the area’s instability and Iran’s known use of creating black swans to continuously push and wear down an opponent, shows that if a nuclear Iran were to develop it would be a major threat not to be taken lightly. The conclusion that Tira arrives at is very helpful in explaining why Israel is not fond of Russia assisting Iran develop its nuclear program further than where it already stands. IV. Findings and Analysis To understand why Israel is concerned with Iran, it is first imperative to understand the Iranian nuclear program’s history and the extent of Iran’s current program. The goal to obtain a sufficient nuclear energy program has been a long standing goal for Iran. Iran’s first reactor, the Tehran Research Reactor, was established in 1967 and since then has seen nuclear energy and the possible gains of a nuclear arsenal as an insurance policy in the survivability to the current regime (Collina and others 2013, 3). To increase its capacity for production Iran has also worked with Russia to build the Bushehr reactor, which was completed in 2011 (Katz 2012, 58). On top of these two sites, Iran has many more facilities that help in the production of nuclear energy, as well as nuclear enrichment facilities. These enrichment facilities, which were publicly recognized by Iran in 2003 had been kept hidden... ....1080/10736700.2013.769375. (Accessed November 9, 2013). Katz, Mark N. 2012. "Russia and Iran." Middle East Policy 19, no. 3: 54-64. Retrieved from Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy2.apus.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=aab26c60-18b8-40e7-8764-bddcc193eee9%40sessionmgr115&vid=5&hid=103 (Accessed November 20, 2013). Shenna, J. C. (2010). â€Å"The Case Against the Case Against Iran: Regionalism as the West's Last Frontier†. The Middle East Journal, 64(3), 341-363. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/744027301?accountid=8289. (Accessed November 9, 2013). Tira, Ron. 2011. "Can Iran be Deterred?." Policy Review no. 169: 39-48. Retrieved from EBSCOhost http://web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy2.apus.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=aab26c60-18b8-40e7-8764-bddcc193eee9%40sessionmgr115&vid=7&hid=103 (Accessed November 20, 2013).

Euthanasia: One’s Choice of Life or Death Essay

In recent years euthanasia has become a heated debate. Euthanasia has Greek roots as a â€Å"good death.† Euthanasia has many definitions. Euthanasia is considered to be voluntary when it takes place in accordance with the wishes of a competent individual. Nonvoluntary euthanasia is done without knowledge of the patients’ wishes either because the patient has always been incompetent, is now incompetent, or has left no Advanced Directive. Involuntary euthanasia is done against the wishes of the competent individual or against the wishes expressed in a valid Advanced Directive. Assisted suicide is usually defined as a specific situation in which there is a suicide, that is, an act of killing oneself intentionally. Physician assisted suicide is when the individual is given a lethal drug which they can use to kill themselves whenever they choose. Although the definitions may seem clear, there is much confusion about the words used to describe euthanasia and other actions that result in hastening death. Three states, Montana, Oregon, and Washington, have legalized euthanasia. My argument is euthanasia should be legalized in all fifty states. One point of the heated debate is the slippery slope that could possibly occur if euthanasia was legalized. Professor Phil D. Frey states that â€Å"We need the evidence that shows that horrible slope consequences might occur, as noted earlier, does not constitute such evidence.† In other words Phil D. Frey is saying it is possible that slippery slope effect can occur, but nothing shows that it is likely to happen. In Oregon, there are many steps before one can qualify for euthanasia. These steps ensure that no slippery slope can occur. In Andrew Walters view, â€Å"The Oregon Death with Dignity Act† has served as a model statue in other state attempts to pass assisted suicide legislation. The act has several important provisions, read altogether, provide safeguard for the terminally ill, the physicians that diagnose their terminal illness and the pharmacist that prescribes the lethal drugs.† The essence of Andrew Walters argument is that The Oregon Death with Dignity Act was a strong first step towards the legalization of euthanasia around the world. It shows that the legalization if euthanasia would not cause a slippery slope. The  act has many safeguards and provisions to prevent slippery slope. In 2006 Oregon passed the Death with Dignity Act. To request a prescription for lethal medications the Death with Dignity Act requires: †¢ 18 years or older  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Resident of Oregon  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢ Capable and able to make and communicate health care decisions †¢ Diagnosed with a terminal illness that will lead to death in 6 months Once meeting the above requirements, the following are some of the steps that need to be followed in requesting a lethal medication: †¢ The patient must make two oral requests to the physical separated by at least 15 days †¢ The patient must provide a written request to the physician signed in the presence of two witnesses †¢ The prescribing physician must inform the patient of feasible alternatives to assisted suicide, including comfort care, hospice care and pain control. Those who oppose euthanasia argue that slippery slope is most likely to happen. Most opponents will tell you that euthanasia is a step towards the legalization of murder. They argue people will end their lives because they are tired of living or see no worth in it. The opponents argue that the poor, minorities, the mentally ill, and the physically challenged will be some of the targeted groups of euthanasia. I argue the opponents are mistaken because they overlook the provisions and safeguards of the â€Å"Death with Dignity Act.† Another issue is the human right to life and self-determination. According to Walter Andrew, â€Å"Assisted suicide places the individual in control of his or her future allowing the individual to decide how, when and where they die.† Practical concerns also face the dying. After a terminally ill person watches his savings plummet while his medical costs and insurance premiums increase rapidly. Those unfamiliar with this school of thought may be interested to know that it basically boiled down to an individual’s right to determine their end of life decisions. The United States Constitution protects our right to life and liberty. Opponents argue that the human right to die is not a fundamental liberty interest protected by the due process  clause and that physicians are bound by the Hippocratic Oath, â€Å"First, do no harm.† I argue that physicians are not doing harm to patients. If a patient is in unbearable pain the physician is helping the patient by taking him out of his misery. If a competent individual is terminally ill, he should be able to control his destiny. If he cannot tolerate the pain, the pain cannot be managed by pain medication or he feels that he is a burden on family/community/society, it is the person’s right to determine if he wants to live. This right is consistent with the values of the human right to life and right of self-determination. One short but important fact is that if euthanasia were made legal, the patient would have had to have received the best medical care and pain management possible. This could reduce the chances of a slippery slope. It can also create healthier doctor-patient relationships by removing the fear of overtreatment. Euthanasia can be necessary for the distribution of health resources. Around the world and especially in America there is a shortage of health resources. Some patients who are ill and can be cured are not able to get speedy access to the facilities they require for treatment. Also, health resources are being used on people who cannot be cured and those who would prefer to die. Allowing those committed to euthanasia would not only let them have what they want, but will free valuable resources to treat people who want to live. Allowing the person who wants to die to initiate the process would prevent abuse. Those who oppose this will argue because they believe that such a proposal wide open to abuse and will ultimately lead to involuntary euthanasia because of the shortage of health resources. I argue that euthanasia is a good way to free up resources for those who need the care and want to live, instead of using it on those that want to die. In conclusion, the debate about the legalization of euthanasia will continue for years to come, but I believe that the arguments for legalizing euthanasia overpower the arguments against it. Assisted suicide is a quick and painless death, instead of going through months of pain; the patient can end their life on their own terms. The Death with Dignity Act ensures that the slippery slope will not happen. To preserve the dignity of human life, it is important that the remaining states and the federal government  legalize euthanasia to provide a safe and dignified way for terminally ill individuals to end their suffering. Works Cited â€Å"Arguments in Favour of Euthanasia.† BBC.com. 14 Apr. 2010. Web. 22 Apr. 2010. . â€Å"Arguments Against Euthanasia.† BBC.com. 12 Apr. 2010. Web. 22 Apr. 2010. . â€Å"Encyclopedia of Death and Dying.† Euthanasia. N.p., 12 Apr. 2012. Web. 22 Apr. 2010. . Gorosh, David J. † .† Oakland Free Press [Oakland] 20 Mar. 1999: n. pag. Web. 22 Apr. 2010. Honan, Mathew. â€Å"Legalize Assisted Suicide.† Wired 17.10 (2009): 110. Science Reference Center. EBSCO. Web. 1 Apr. 2010. Stokely, Anne. â€Å"Counter Point: The Right To Assisted Suicide. â€Å" Points of View: Assisted Suicide (2009): 6. Points of View Reference Center. EBSCO. Web. 1Apr. 2012. Walter, Andrew. â€Å"Point: Euthanasia Should Be Legal.† Points of View: Euthanasia (2009): 2. Points of View Reference. EBSCO. Web. 1 Apr. 2010.

Psychology in Alice in Wonderland - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 847 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/05/08 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Alice in Wonderland Essay Did you like this example? There is a strong emphasis on the seriousness psychological disorders and mental health in the world today. In the entertainment industry, these disorders are often prevalent in the characters depicted in television shows and the movies. One movie in particular is Disneys Alice in Wonderland, which features complex characters who navigate a variety of personality traits and behaviors typical of psychological disorders. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Psychology in Alice in Wonderland" essay for you Create order One of the main characters, the Mad Hatter, is obviously dealing with Bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder is a very difficult disorder because it makes people have mood swings, which means they can be happy and become depressed in a quick manner. Alice in Wonderland is a fantasy filled with many hallucinations to the audiences vision. This film is about a teenager named Alice, who visits a magical underland that she has no recognition of when she was younger, and reunites with familiar faces: the Mad Hatter, Dormhouse, Cheshire Cat, and Queen of Hearts. Throughout the movie, there are some scenes where the Mad Hatter shows his bipolar personality. One of the scenes is at the tea party where the Mad Hatter is extremely angry at March Hare for suggesting the use of butter on his watch, but then changes into a calm person and pours tea on the Dormhouse and switches the topic of conversation. Another scene at the tea party shows the Mad Hatter getting mad at Alice because she is asking the Dormhouse too many questions and he feels left out. As a result, he makes them switch places at the table so he can have a conversation with Alice independently. Another important scene in the movie is when the Mad Hatter goes to the Queen of Hearts kingdom. He thinks that it is very funny that she is putting her legs on a pig. He starts laughing out loud but then the queen tells him to stop laughing, and he puts a serious look upon his face. The final scene that features the Mad Hatters disorder is when the Cheshire Cat said to the Matt Hatter that h e used to be the life of the party. As a result of Cheshire Cats comment, the Mad Hatter starts yelling at him, but Dormhouse tells the Mad Hatter to stop yelling, where he changes into a calm state of mind. Bipolar disorder is periods of mood that may range from normal to manic, with or without episodes of depression(Elmhorst, 2016, 424). There are two divisions of this disorder, which are Bipolar I and Bipolar II. Bipolar I is when an individual may experience mood swings that go from normal to a depressive state. Bipolar II is when spans of normal mood are interspersed with episodes of hypomania for which the American Psychological Association, 2013, defines this as a level of mood that is elevated but at a level below or less severe than full mania(Elmhorst, 2016, p. 424-425). This symptom was first documented by French psychiatrist, Jean-Pierre Falret. Falret published an article describing circular insanity, which talked about people changing from major depression to excitement. He is also known for distinguishing the genetic connection in bipolar disorder, which is something that professionals in health are still in agreement of in todays society. (Healthline.com). There was a lo ngitudinal study completed at the University of Michigan in the United States to determine the total amount of people that have bipolar. The team at the school came up with a conclusion that 730 people had bipolar disorder, and 277 people did not, and three-quarters of the people that were a part of the study were active research participants(Uofmhealth.org). They also came up with characteristics that each of the people had with the disorder which included changes in their thinking, psychological dimensions including personality, patterns of sleep, and circadian rhythms. (Uofmhealth.org). In todays society, there is no cure for bipolar disorder, however, there are many types of therapy to help regulate this disorder, which include regular therapy, interpersonal, and electroconvulsive. Regular therapy prevents injury to oneself and works for people to enjoy an effective life at home, work, and school, especially college and high school. Interpersonal helps with boosting peoples rela tionships with other peers and managing their regular routines that they complete everyday. Electroconvulsive therapy helps people who are dealing with major symptoms that are associated with bipolar disorder. (Psychguides.com). Disneys Alice in Wonderland is a motion picture for people of all ages to watch. Young children will find the movie very entertaining with the characters quirky personalities, where an older audience will have an understanding of the deeper meanings in the movie and its portrayal of a manic depression in the Mad Hatter character. In the film, Johnny Depp did an excellent job acting out the many personality variations a person with Bipolar disorder may experience. Bipolar is a mental health disorder that is hard to overcome. There are some treatments available to people to improve the symptoms and make it easier to control. With more awareness and a stronger emphasis on mental health in this country, hopefully more treatments will be available in the future.